How to use this herbal reference: Click on the common herb name in the table of contents to jump to that section.
Aloe Vera
Botanical Name: Aloe barbadensis miller
Healthful Use: Aloe vera is known for its soothing and healing properties, particularly in treating burns, cuts, and other skin irritations. It is also used internally for digestive health, helping with conditions like constipation and acid reflux. Aloe vera juice is popular for its potential to support immune function and reduce inflammation. Safety: Aloe vera is generally safe when applied topically. However, internal use should be done with caution, as it can cause diarrhea and cramping. It is not recommended for pregnant women or individuals with kidney issues. Always use food-grade aloe vera for internal consumption.
Ashwagandha
Botanical Name: Withania somnifera
Healthful Use: Ashwagandha is an adaptogen, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to reduce stress, improve energy levels, and enhance overall well-being. It is also used to support immune function and cognitive health, potentially improving memory and concentration. Safety: Ashwagandha is generally considered safe for most people. However, it may interact with thyroid medications and immunosuppressants. Pregnant women should avoid using Ashwagandha due to its potential to cause early labor.
Arnica
Botanical Name: Arnica montana
Healthful Use: Arnica is widely used in homeopathy for its anti-inflammatory properties, particularly for reducing pain, swelling, and bruising associated with sprains, strains, and muscle aches. It is typically applied topically as a cream or gel. Safety: Arnica should not be ingested as it can be toxic when taken internally. Topical application is generally safe, but it should not be applied to broken skin or open wounds. Prolonged use can cause skin irritation in some individuals.
Astragalus
Botanical Name: Astragalus membranaceus
Healthful Use: Astragalus is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to strengthen the immune system, increase energy, and support cardiovascular health. It is also believed to have anti-aging properties and may help protect against chronic diseases. Safety: Astragalus is generally safe for most people, but it may interact with medications that suppress the immune system or affect blood sugar levels. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using astragalus.
Angelica
Botanical Name: Angelica archangelica
Healthful Use: Angelica is commonly used in herbal medicine to support digestive health. It can help alleviate bloating, indigestion, and gas. Angelica root is also believed to have expectorant properties, making it useful for respiratory conditions like bronchitis and coughs. Safety: Angelica is generally safe when used in recommended amounts. However, it may increase sensitivity to sunlight, so sun exposure should be limited during use. Pregnant women should avoid using angelica as it can stimulate uterine contractions.
Anise
Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum
Healthful Use: Anise is known for its ability to aid digestion, relieve gas, and reduce bloating. It is also used to soothe coughs and colds due to its expectorant properties. Anise seeds are often used in teas to promote digestive comfort and to alleviate symptoms of menopause. Safety: Anise is generally safe in food amounts. However, in concentrated forms, it should be used cautiously, especially by people with allergies to plants in the Apiaceae family (e.g., carrots, celery). Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use.
Alfalfa
Botanical Name: Medicago sativa
Healthful Use: Alfalfa is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It is used to support overall health, particularly in improving digestion, lowering cholesterol, and managing symptoms of menopause. Alfalfa is also used in supplements to boost energy and vitality. Safety: Alfalfa is generally safe when consumed as a food. However, supplements may not be suitable for people with autoimmune diseases like lupus, as it can potentially trigger flare-ups. Excessive consumption of raw alfalfa seeds should be avoided due to the risk of toxicity.
Andrographis
Botanical Name: Andrographis paniculata
Healthful Use: Andrographis is widely used in traditional medicine for its immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly taken to prevent and treat colds, flu, and other upper respiratory infections. It may also help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Safety: Andrographis is generally safe for short-term use. However, it may cause side effects such as digestive upset or allergic reactions in some people. Pregnant women and individuals with autoimmune conditions should avoid using it without medical advice.
Arugula
Botanical Name: Eruca vesicaria
Healthful Use: Arugula, also known as rocket, is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like calcium and magnesium. It is commonly used to support bone health, improve digestion, and boost the immune system. Arugula’s antioxidant properties may also contribute to reducing inflammation and preventing chronic diseases. Safety: Arugula is generally safe and is consumed widely as a leafy green vegetable. However, individuals on blood thinners should monitor their intake due to its high vitamin K content, which can affect blood clotting.
Artichoke
Botanical Name: Cynara scolymus
Healthful Use: Artichoke is known for its ability to support liver health and improve digestion. It can help lower cholesterol levels and is often used to alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and indigestion. The extract of artichoke leaves is particularly valued for its high antioxidant content and its role in promoting bile production. Safety: Artichoke is safe for most people when consumed as a food or supplement. However, individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (e.g., daisies, ragweed) should use it cautiously. Those with gallbladder issues should consult a healthcare provider before use due to its bile-stimulating effects.
Asafoetida
Botanical Name: Ferula assa-foetida
Healthful Use: Asafoetida is commonly used in traditional medicine for its digestive benefits, including relief from gas, bloating, and indigestion. It also has antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful for treating respiratory infections and chronic bronchitis. Asafoetida is often used as a flavor enhancer in cooking, particularly in Indian cuisine. Safety: Asafoetida is generally safe when used in small culinary amounts. However, it should be used cautiously during pregnancy, as it may stimulate the uterus and increase the risk of miscarriage. Some people may also experience skin irritation or allergic reactions.
Ashitaba
Botanical Name: Angelica keiskei
Healthful Use: Ashitaba is a Japanese herb known for its potential longevity-promoting effects. It is rich in antioxidants and is used to support immune function, improve circulation, and promote healthy aging. Ashitaba is also believed to enhance digestive health and support weight loss efforts. Safety: Ashitaba is generally safe when consumed in moderation. However, due to its blood-thinning properties, it should be used cautiously by individuals taking anticoagulant medications. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use.
Avens
Botanical Name: Geum urbanum
Healthful Use: Avens, also known as Herb Bennet, is traditionally used to treat digestive issues, including diarrhea and indigestion. It has astringent properties, making it useful for reducing inflammation in the mouth and throat. Avens is also believed to have mild sedative effects, which can help alleviate anxiety and stress. Safety: Avens is generally safe when used in moderation. However, it should not be used by pregnant women due to its potential to stimulate uterine contractions. People with allergies to plants in the Rosaceae family should also use it cautiously.
Agrimony
Botanical Name: Agrimonia eupatoria
Healthful Use: Agrimony has a long history of use in traditional medicine for treating gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, colitis, and indigestion. It is also used externally to heal wounds, reduce inflammation, and soothe sore throats. Agrimony is valued for its mild astringent properties, making it beneficial for stopping bleeding and treating skin conditions. Safety: Agrimony is generally safe for short-term use. However, it may interact with anticoagulant medications due to its blood-thinning properties. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using agrimony.
Acorus
Botanical Name: Acorus calamus
Healthful Use: Acorus, commonly known as Sweet Flag, is used in traditional medicine for its potential to improve digestion, relieve bloating, and treat stomach ulcers. It is also believed to have calming effects, making it useful for treating anxiety and insomnia. Acorus is sometimes used to enhance cognitive function and memory. Safety: Acorus contains compounds that may be toxic in large amounts. Its use is restricted or banned in some countries due to concerns about its safety. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with liver conditions, should avoid using Acorus.
Amla
Botanical Name: Phyllanthus emblica
Healthful Use: Amla, also known as Indian Gooseberry, is highly valued in Ayurvedic medicine for its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It is used to boost the immune system, improve digestion, and support heart health. Amla is also used to promote healthy skin and hair, often included in beauty and health supplements. Safety: Amla is generally safe for most people when consumed as food or in supplements. However, it may interact with medications for diabetes and high blood pressure. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using amla supplements.
Common Name: Almond
Botanical Name: Prunus dulcis
Healthful Use: Almonds are rich in healthy fats, vitamins (especially vitamin E), and minerals like magnesium. They are widely used to support heart health by lowering cholesterol levels and improving blood vessel function. Almond oil is also used in skincare for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. Safety: Almonds are generally safe and are a common food in many diets. However, people with nut allergies should avoid them. Bitter almonds (which are different from the sweet almonds commonly eaten) contain cyanide and should not be consumed unless properly processed.
Anamu
Botanical Name: Petiveria alliacea
Healthful Use: Anamu, also known as Guinea Hen Weed, is used in traditional medicine for its immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving properties. It is believed to help in the treatment of infections, arthritis, and even cancer, though more research is needed to confirm these effects. Safety: Anamu is generally safe in small amounts, but it should be used cautiously due to its strong biological activity. Pregnant women should avoid it as it can induce uterine contractions. It may also interact with blood thinners and other medications.
Arrowroot
Botanical Name: Maranta arundinacea
Healthful Use: Arrowroot is a starchy root vegetable often used as a gluten-free thickening agent in cooking. It is also known for its gentle digestive benefits, making it suitable for people with sensitive stomachs or those recovering from illness. Arrowroot can help soothe diarrhea and relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Safety: Arrowroot is generally safe and well-tolerated. It is a hypoallergenic food, making it a good alternative for people with gluten or grain sensitivities. However, like all starches, it should be consumed in moderation.
Averrhoa
Botanical Name: Averrhoa bilimbi
Healthful Use: Averrhoa, also known as Bilimbi or Cucumber Tree, is traditionally used in Southeast Asia for treating coughs, colds, and high blood pressure. It is also used as a natural remedy for lowering cholesterol and managing diabetes due to its high content of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Safety: Bilimbi fruit is generally safe when consumed in small quantities. However, it is very acidic and can cause irritation in the mouth or gastrointestinal discomfort if eaten in large amounts. People with kidney problems should avoid it due to its high oxalate content, which can contribute to kidney stone formation.
Agrimony
Botanical Name: Agrimonia eupatoria
Healthful Use: Agrimony has been traditionally used to treat digestive disorders, sore throats, and skin irritations. It is known for its astringent properties, making it helpful in reducing bleeding and healing wounds. It also has anti-inflammatory effects and can be used as a mild diuretic. Safety: Agrimony is generally safe when used in moderation. However, it can interact with anticoagulant medications and should be used cautiously by those with bleeding disorders or on blood-thinning medication. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use.
Aconite
Botanical Name: Aconitum napellus
Healthful Use: Aconite, also known as monkshood or wolf’s bane, is used in traditional medicine primarily for its analgesic properties to relieve pain, especially neuralgia. It is also used in small doses for treating fever and respiratory issues. Safety: Aconite is highly toxic and should only be used under strict medical supervision. Ingesting even small amounts can cause severe poisoning symptoms, including cardiovascular and neurological effects. It should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Achiote
Botanical Name: Bixa orellana
Healthful Use: Achiote, commonly known as annatto, is used both as a food coloring and as a medicinal herb. It is rich in carotenoids and antioxidants and is traditionally used to treat skin issues, digestive problems, and as an anti-inflammatory. The seeds are also used to make annatto oil, which is applied to burns and wounds to promote healing. Safety: Achiote is generally safe when consumed as a food additive. However, some people may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using achiote in medicinal amounts.
Alkanet
Botanical Name: Alkanna tinctoria
Healthful Use: Alkanet is traditionally used as a natural dye due to its vibrant red color. Medicinally, it is used topically to soothe skin conditions like eczema and burns due to its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. Alkanet root is sometimes included in ointments and balms for its soothing effects. Safety: Alkanet is generally safe when used topically. However, it is not recommended for internal use due to potential toxicity. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using alkanet, particularly internally, as its safety has not been well-established.
Ajwain
Botanical Name: Trachyspermum ammi
Healthful Use: Ajwain, also known as carom seeds, is commonly used in Ayurvedic and traditional Indian medicine to treat digestive issues, such as indigestion, bloating, and gas. It is also used as a remedy for respiratory problems, including asthma and bronchitis, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Ajwain is also believed to help relieve toothaches and earaches. Safety: Ajwain is generally safe when used in moderation as a spice or remedy. However, excessive consumption can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. Pregnant women should use ajwain cautiously, as it may stimulate the uterus.
Alehoof
Botanical Name: Glechoma hederacea
Healthful Use: Alehoof, also known as ground ivy, has been traditionally used to treat respiratory conditions, including coughs and colds. It is also used as a diuretic and to support liver health. Alehoof is sometimes applied externally to soothe wounds, cuts, and skin irritations. Safety: Alehoof is generally safe when used in small amounts. However, it can be toxic in large doses, and its safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been well established. Individuals with a history of liver or kidney issues should consult a healthcare provider before using alehoof.
Ailanthus
Botanical Name: Ailanthus altissima
Healthful Use: Ailanthus, commonly known as the Tree of Heaven, is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat digestive problems, such as diarrhea and dysentery. It is also used for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The bark of the tree is sometimes used to treat asthma and respiratory issues. Safety: Ailanthus is generally not recommended for use due to its potential toxicity. The plant contains compounds that can cause adverse effects, particularly in high doses. It should be used with caution and only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider.
Amaranth
Botanical Name: Amaranthus spp.
Healthful Use: Amaranth is a highly nutritious grain that is rich in protein, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals. It is used to support digestive health, reduce inflammation, and lower cholesterol levels. Amaranth is also valued for its antioxidant properties and is included in diets to support overall health and wellness. Safety: Amaranth is generally safe when consumed as part of a balanced diet. However, individuals with a history of kidney stones should consume it in moderation due to its oxalate content. As with any food, it should be introduced gradually to avoid potential digestive upset.
Alder
Botanical Name: Alnus spp.
Healthful Use: Alder is traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory and astringent properties. It has been employed to treat wounds, reduce swelling, and alleviate skin conditions such as eczema. The bark of the alder tree is sometimes used in herbal medicine to support digestive health and treat fever. Safety: Alder is generally safe when used topically or in small amounts as a decoction. However, it should be used cautiously during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and internal use should be guided by a healthcare provider due to limited research on its safety.
Alfalfa
Botanical Name: Medicago sativa
Healthful Use: Alfalfa is rich in vitamins A, C, E, and K, as well as minerals like calcium, potassium, and iron. It is used to support overall health, particularly in promoting bone health, managing cholesterol levels, and supporting the immune system. Alfalfa is also used as a natural remedy for conditions like arthritis and kidney stones. Safety: Alfalfa is generally safe when consumed as food. However, alfalfa supplements may not be suitable for individuals with autoimmune disorders, as it can stimulate the immune system. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using alfalfa supplements.
Arnica
Botanical Name: Arnica montana
Healthful Use: Arnica is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. It is commonly used in creams and ointments to treat bruises, sprains, muscle pain, and arthritis. Arnica is also used to reduce swelling and promote the healing of wounds and insect bites. Safety: Arnica is generally safe for topical use but should not be applied to broken skin or ingested, as it can be toxic when taken internally. It should be used with caution by individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using arnica internally.
Astragalus
Botanical Name: Astragalus membranaceus
Healthful Use: Astragalus is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its immune-boosting properties. It is believed to help protect against colds, flu, and other respiratory infections. Astragalus is also used to support heart health, improve kidney function, and promote overall vitality and longevity. Safety: Astragalus is generally safe when used as an herbal supplement. However, it may interact with medications that suppress the immune system or affect blood sugar levels. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using astragalus supplements.
Ashwagandha
Botanical Name: Withania somnifera
Healthful Use: Ashwagandha is a powerful adaptogen used in Ayurvedic medicine to reduce stress, anxiety, and fatigue. It is also known for its potential to enhance cognitive function, improve sleep quality, and support overall well-being. Ashwagandha is used to boost energy levels, enhance physical performance, and strengthen the immune system. Safety: Ashwagandha is generally safe for most people when used as directed. However, it may interact with medications for thyroid function, blood pressure, and immune disorders. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using Ashwagandha due to insufficient safety data.
Anise
Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum
Healthful Use: Anise is commonly used to treat digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. It is also effective in relieving coughs, colds, and respiratory congestion. Anise seeds are often used to freshen breath and can be brewed as a tea to soothe digestive discomfort. Additionally, anise has mild estrogenic effects and is sometimes used to increase milk production in breastfeeding women. Safety: Anise is generally safe when consumed in culinary amounts. However, it should be used with caution by individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions, as it may have mild estrogenic effects. Pregnant women should consult a healthcare provider before using anise in medicinal quantities.
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